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Bean's critical state model : ウィキペディア英語版 | Bean's critical state model Bean's critical state model, introduced by C. P. Bean〔Magnetization of Hard Superconductors, C.P. Bean, Phys. Rev. Lett. 8, 250 (1962)〕〔Magnetization of High-Field Superconductors, C.P. Bean, Rev. Mod. Phys. 36, 31 (1964)〕 in 1962, gives a macroscopic explanation of the irreversible magnetization behavior (hysteresis) of hard Type-II superconductors. ==Assumptions== Hard superconductors often exhibit hysteresis in magnetization measurements. C. P. Bean postulated for the Shubnikov phase an extraordinary shielding process due to the microscopic structure of the materials. He assumed lossless transport with a critical current density ''Jc(B)'' ''(Jc(B→0) = const.'' and ''Jc(B→∞) = 0)''. An external magnetic field is shielded in the Meissner phase (''H < Hc1'') in the same way than in a soft superconductor. In the Shubnikov phase ''(Hc1 < H < Hc2)'', the critical current flows below the surface within a depth necessary to reduce the field in the inside of the superconductor to ''Hc1''.
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